The potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Public Health and healthcare systems

This introductory discussion paper sheds light on the transformative possibilities and important considerations in the adoption of AI within Scotland’s Public Health and healthcare systems. It explores AI’s evolving role, and the importance of public engagement, awareness, trust and transparency in shaping AI’s future within healthcare.

The report highlights AI’s capacity to supplement clinical practice and decision-making, analyse vast amounts of complex population health data at near instantaneous speed, improve healthcare systems efficiency, and personalise patient care. However, it also underscores ethical considerations, and the need for robust governance to mitigate risks such as algorithmic biases, and to coordinate and support evaluation of AI implementations in Scotland’s healthcare settings.

As Scotland’s AI strategy is set for renewal in 2026, this report serves as a timely resource for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public. The findings encourage a balanced approach to AI integration, one that prioritises patient safety, ethical responsibility, and inclusivity.